Nalane ea ts'ebeliso le karolo ea li-microscopes tsa ho buoa ho neurosurgery

 

Nalane ea ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo, ts'ebeliso eamicroscopes ea ho buoake letšoao la motheo, le ntseng le tsoela pele ho tloha mehleng ea khale ea ho buoa methapo ea kutlo ea ho etsa opereishene tlas'a leihlo le hlobotseng ho ea nakong ea sejoale-joale ea methapo ea kutlo ea ho etsa opereishene tlasamicroscope. Ke mang le nengmicroscopes e sebetsangqala ho sebelisoa ho neurosurgery? E na le karolo efemicroscope ea ho buoae bapaloa ho nts'etsopele ea neurosurgery? Ka tsoelopele ea mahlale le thekenoloji, tlamicroscope e sebetsangho nkeloa sebaka ke lisebelisoa tse ling tse tsoetseng pele? Ena ke potso eo ngaka e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea methapo ea kutlo e lokelang ho e ela hloko le ho sebelisa theknoloji ea morao-rao le lisebelisoa lefapheng la neurosurgery, ho khothaletsa ntlafatso ea tsebo ea ho buoa methapo ea kutlo.

1, Nalane ea Likopo tsa Microscopy Lefapheng la Bongaka

Ho fisiks, lilense tsa khalase ea mahlo ke lilense tse kholo tse nang le sebopeho se le seng se nang le phello e holisang, 'me kholo ea tsona e lekanyelitsoe, e tsejoang e le likhalase tse holisang. Ka 1590, batho ba babeli ba Madache ba ile ba kenya lipoleiti tse peli tsa convex lense ka har'a moqomo o mosesane oa cylindrical, kahoo ba qapa sesebelisoa sa pele sa lefats'e se nang le likarolo tse ngata tse holisang:microscope. Ka mor'a moo, sebopeho sa microscope se ile sa ntlafatsoa ka ho tsoelang pele, 'me ho hōlisa ho ile ha eketseha ho sa khaotse. Ka nako eo, bo-rasaense ba ne ba sebelisa sena haholo-holomicroscope e kopanetsoengho sheba meaho e menyane ea liphoofolo le limela, joalo ka sebopeho sa lisele. Ho tloha bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, butle-butle likhalase tse hōlisang ponahalo ea lintho tse hōlisang ponahalo ea lintho tse hōlisang ponahalo ea lintho tse hōlisitsoeng li ’nile tsa sebelisoa lefapheng la bongaka. Qalong, lingaka li ne li sebelisa likhalase tse hōlisang mahlo tse nang le lense e le 'ngoe e neng e ka behoa borokhong ba nko bakeng sa ho buuoa. Ka 1876, ngaka ea Jeremane Saemisch o ile a etsa opereishene ea pele ea "microscopic" lefatšeng ka bophara a sebelisa khalase e khanyang ea mahlo (mofuta oa ho buuoa ha o tsejoe). Ka 1893, k'hamphani ea Jeremane Zeiss e ile ea qapamicroscope ea li-binocular, haholo-holo e sebelisetsoang tlhahlobo ea liteko lilaboratoring tsa bongaka, hammoho le ho shebella liso tsa corneal le tse ka pele tsa kamoreng lefapheng la ophthalmology. Ka 1921, ho ipapisitsoe le lipatlisiso tsa laboratori mabapi le sebōpeho sa tsebe ea ka hare ea liphoofolo, setsebi sa otolaryngologist sa Sweden Nylen o ile a sebelisa sesebelisoa se tsitsitseng.microscope ea ho buoa ka monoculare entsoeng le ho etsoa ke eena ka boeena ho etsa otitis media opereishene e sa foleng ho batho, e neng e le microsurgery ea 'nete. Selemo hamorao, ngaka e phahameng ea Nylen Hlolmgren o ile a hlahisa amicroscope ea ho buoa ka li-binoculare entsoeng ke Zeiss ka kamoreng ea ho buuoa.

Ea peleLi-microscopes tse sebetsange bile le mathata a mangata, joalo ka botsitso bo fokolang ba mochini, ho se khone ho sisinyeha, ho bonesoa ha lilepe tse fapaneng le ho futhumatsa lense ea sepheo, lebala la ho holisa opereishene, joalo-joalo Ana kaofela ke mabaka a fokotsang ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng eamicroscopes ea ho buoa. Lilemong tse mashome a mararo tse latelang, ka lebaka la tšebelisano e ntle pakeng tsa lingaka tse buoang lebaetsi ba microscope, tshebetso yamicroscopes ea ho buoae ile ea ntlafatsoa khafetsa, lemicroscopes ea ho buoa ka li-binocular, marulelong mounted microscopes, lilense tsa zoom, khanya ea mohloli oa leseli la coaxial, matsoho a hlalositsoeng ka matla a elektroniki kapa a metsi, taolo ea maoto a maoto, joalo-joalo li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ka ho latellana. Ka 1953, k'hamphani ea Jeremane Zeiss e ile ea hlahisa letoto la tse khethehilengmicroscopes ea ho buoa bakeng sa otology, haholo-holo e loketseng ho buuoa ka liso tse tebileng tse kang tsebe e bohareng le lesapo la nakoana. Ha ts'ebetso eamicroscopes ea ho buoae tsoela pele ho ntlafala, maikutlo a lingaka tse buoang le tsona li lula li fetoha. Ka mohlala, lingaka tsa Jeremane Zollner le Wullstein li ile tsa bolela seomicroscopes ea ho buoaE tlameha ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho buuoa ka membrane ea tympanic. Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950, lingaka tsa mahlo li ile tsa fetola butle-butle mokhoa oa ho sebelisa microscope feela bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mahlo le ho hlahisamicroscopes ea otosurgicalho etsoa ophthalmic ophthalmic. Esale e le hoo,microscope e sebetsangli 'nile tsa sebelisoa haholo mafapheng a otology le ophthalmology.

2. Ts'ebeliso ea microscope ea ho buoa ho neurosurgery

Ka lebaka la ho khetheha ha neurosurgery, kopo eamicroscopes ea ho buoa ho neurosurgeryke morao hanyenyane ho feta ho otology le ophthalmology, 'me lingaka tsa methapo ea kutlo li ithuta theknoloji ena e ncha ka mafolofolo. Ka nako eo, thetšebeliso ea microscopes ea ho buoahaholo-holo e ne e le Europe. Setsebi sa mahlo sa Amerika Perrit se ile sa hlahisoa ka lekhetlo la pelemicroscopes ea ho buoaho tloha Europe ho ea United States ka 1946, ho rala motheo oa hore lingaka tsa methapo ea kutlo tsa Amerika li sebeliseLi-microscopes tse sebetsang.

Ho latela pono ea ho hlompha boleng ba bophelo ba motho, thekenoloji efe kapa efe e ncha, lisebelisoa, kapa lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang bakeng sa 'mele oa motho li lokela ho kena litekong tsa pele tsa liphoofolo le koetliso ea botekgeniki bakeng sa basebetsi. Ka 1955, ngaka e buoang ea methapo ea kutlo ea Amerika Malis e ile ea etsa opereishene ea boko ho liphoofolo ka homicroscope ea ho buoa ka li-binocular. Kurze, ngaka e buoang methapo ea kutlo Univesithing ea California Boroa, United States, o ile a qeta selemo a ithuta mekhoa ea ho buoa ea ho sebelisa maekorosekopo ka laboratoring ka mor’a ho bona ho buuoa ka tsebe ka microscope. Ka Phato 1957, o ile a atleha ho etsa opereishene ea acoustic neuroma ho ngoana ea lilemo li 5 a sebelisa sesebelisoamicroscope ea opereishene ea tsebe, eo e neng e le eona opereishene ea pele lefatšeng ea ho buoa ka microopereishene. Nakoana ka mor'a moo, Kurze o ile a atleha ho etsa sefahleho sa methapo ea kutlo sublingual anastomosis ho ngoana a sebelisamicroscope ea ho buoa, ’me ho hlaphoheloa ha ngoana e ne e le ho babatsehang. Ena e ne e le opereishene ea bobeli ea microsurgical lefatšeng. Ka mor’a moo, Kurze o ile a tsamaisa literakaLi-microscopes tse sebetsanglibakeng tse sa tšoaneng bakeng sa microsurgical neurosurgery, 'me ka matla kgothaletswa ho sebelisamicroscopes ea ho buoaho lingaka tse ling tsa methapo ea kutlo. Ka mor'a moo, Kurze o ile a etsa opereishene ea cerebral aneurysm clipping a sebelisa amicroscope ea ho buoa(ka bomalimabe, ha aa ka a hatisa lihlooho leha e le life). Ka tšehetso ea mokuli oa trigeminal neuralgia eo a ileng a mo phekola, o ile a theha laboratori ea pele ea lefats'e ea micro skull base neurosurgery ka 1961. Re lokela ho hopola kamehla tlatsetso ea Kurze ho microsurgery le ho ithuta ka sebete sa hae sa ho amohela theknoloji le likhopolo tse ncha. Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1990, lingaka tse ling tsa methapo ea kutlo Chaena li ne li sa amoheleLimaekerosekopo tsa Neurosurgerybakeng sa ho buuoa. Sena e ne e se bothata ka taba enamicroscope ea Neurosurgeryka boeona, empa bothata ba kutloisiso ea li-neurosurgeons.

Ka 1958, ngaka ea methapo ea kutlo ea Amerika Donaghy e ile ea theha laboratori ea pele ea lefats'e ea lipatlisiso le koetliso ea microsurgery Burlington, Vermont. Mehatong ea pele, o ile a boela a kopana le pherekano le mathata a lichelete ho tsoa ho baokameli ba hae. Ha a le sekolong, o ne a lula a nahana ho khaola methapo ea mali ea cortical e bulehileng ka kotloloho ho ntša thrombi ho bakuli ba nang le cerebral thrombosis. Kahoo o ile a sebelisana le ngaka e buoang ea methapo Jacobson mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa liphoofolo le tsa bongaka. Ka nako eo, tlas'a maemo a leihlo le hlobotseng, ho ne ho ka sutuoa feela methapo e menyenyane ea mali e bophara ba limilimithara tse 7-8 kapa ho feta. E le ho fihlela anastomosis ea ho qetela ea methapo e metle ea mali, Jacobson o ile a leka ka lekhetlo la pele ho sebelisa khalase e holisang ka mokhoa oa likhalase. Nakoana ka mor'a moo, o ile a hopola ho sebelisa emicroscope ea otolaryngology ea ho buoabakeng sa ho buuoa ha e ne e le ngaka ea moahi. Kahoo, ka thuso ea Zeiss ea Jeremane, Jacobson o ile a etsa microscope ea opereishene e habeli (Diploscope) bakeng sa vascular anastomosis, e lumellang lingaka tse peli tse buoang ho etsa opereishene ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ka mor'a liteko tse ngata tsa liphoofolo, Jacobson o ile a hatisa sengoloa se buang ka microsurgical anastomosis ea lintja le methapo ea methapo e seng ea carotid (1960), e nang le 100% patency rate ea vascular anastomosis. Ena ke pampiri e kholo ea bongaka e amanang le microsurgical neurosurgery le opereishene ea methapo. Jacobson o boetse a qapa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa microsurgical, joalo ka scissors tse nyane, litšokelo tsa linale tse nyane, le lihapo tsa lisebelisoa tse nyane. Ka 1960, Donaghy o ile a atleha ho etsa thrombectomy tlas'a thipa ea methapo ea boko.microscope ea ho buoabakeng sa mokuli ea nang le cerebral thrombosis. Rhoton oa United States o ile a qala ho ithuta sebōpeho sa boko ka 1967 a sebelisa microscope, a bula maliboho lefapheng le lecha la microsurgery anatomy le ho kenya letsoho haholo ntlafatsong ea microsurgery. Ka lebaka la melemo eamicroscopes ea ho buoale ntlafatso ea lisebelisoa tsa microsurgery, lingaka tse ngata tse buoang li rata ho li sebelisamicroscopes ea ho buoabakeng sa ho buuoa. Mme e hatisitse lingoliloeng tse ngata tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea microsurgical.

3. Ts'ebeliso ea microscope ea ho buoa ho neurosurgery naheng ea China

E le Mochaena ea ratang naha ea mose ho maoatle oa Japane, Moprofesa Du Ziwei o ile a fana ka monehelo oa pele oa lehaemicroscope ea neurosurgicalle tse amananglisebelisoa tsa microsurgicalho Lefapha la Neurosurgery la Suzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital (eo hona joale e leng Lefapha la Neurosurgery ea Suzhou University Affiliated First Hospital) ka 1972. Ka mor'a hore a khutlele Chaena, o ile a qala ho etsa opereishene ea microsurgery e kang aneurysms intracranial le meningiomas. Kamora ho ithuta ka boteng bamicroscopes ea methapo ea kutlole lisebelisoa tsa microsurgery, Moprofesa Zhao Yadu oa Lefapha la Neurosurgery la Beijing Yiwu Hospital o ile a etela Moprofesa Du Ziwei oa Suzhou Medical College ho bona tšebeliso eamicroscopes ea ho buoa. Moprofesa Shi Yuquan oa Sepetlele sa Shanghai Huashan ka boeena o ile a etela lefapha la Moprofesa Du Ziwei ho ea bona lits'ebetso tsa microsurgery. Ka lebaka leo, leqhubu la selelekela, ho ithuta, le tšebeliso eaLimaekerosekopo tsa Neurosurgerye ile ea hlohlelletsoa litsing tse kholo tsa tšebetso ea methapo ea kutlo naheng ea China, ho tšoaea qaleho ea ts'ebetso ea micro neurosurgery ea China.

4, Phello ea Opereishene ea Microsurgery

Ka lebaka la tšebeliso eamicroscopes ea methapo ea kutlo, opereishene e ke keng ea etsoa ka mahlo e ka khoneha tlas'a maemo a ho hōlisa linako tse 6-10. Ka mohlala, ho etsa opereishene ea hlahala ea pituitary ka sinus ea ethmoidal ho ka khetholla ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ho tlosa lihlahala tsa pituitary ha ho ntse ho sireletsa lesela le tloaelehileng la pituitary; Opereishene e ke keng ea etsoa ka mahlo e ka fetoha liopereishene tse molemo, tse kang lihlahala tsa boko le li-intramedullary tumors tsa lesapo la mokokotlo. Setsebi Wang Zhongcheng o bile le sekhahla sa lefu la 10.7% bakeng sa opereishene ea cerebral aneurysm pele a sebelisa kalafo.microscope ea neurosurgery. Ka mor'a ho sebelisa microscope ka 1978, palo ea batho ba shoang e theohile ho 3.2%. Sekhahla sa ho shoa ha cerebral arteriovenous malformation opereishene ntle le tšebeliso eamicroscope ea ho buoae ne e le 6.2%, 'me ka mor'a 1984, ka tšebeliso eali-microscopes tsa neurosurgery, palo ea batho ba shoang e theohetse ho 1,6%. Tšebeliso eamicroscope ea neurosurgerye lumella lihlahala tsa pituitary ho phekoloa ka mokhoa o fokolang oa transnasal transsphenoidal ntle le tlhokahalo ea craniotomy, ho fokotsa sekhahla sa batho ba shoang ka ho buuoa ho tloha ho 4,7% ho ea ho 0.9%. Katleho ea liphetho tsena ha e khonehe tlas'a opereishene ea mahlo e tloaelehileng, kahoomicroscopes ea ho buoake lets'oao la ts'ebetso ea sejoale-joale ea methapo ea kutlo 'me e fetohile e' ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa tsa bohlokoahali le tse ke keng tsa nkeloa sebaka tšebetsong ea sejoale-joale ea methapo ea kutlo.